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Introduction to the USA
Perhaps no other country has left as great an impression on the contemporary world as the United States – a big achievement for such a (relatively) young nation. Lauded as a beacon of freedom, where over the centuries millions of immigrants have come to better their lives, and reviled as an international bully, perhaps never more so than in recent years, it's a place you have to explore in order to understand and appreciate.
The images of the country that named itself after a continent are embedded in the mind of every traveler: endless highways cutting through shimmering deserts; forests of skyscrapers towering over urban jungles; acres of beaches dotted with surfboards and suntanned skin; high mountain peaks and green river valleys; magnificent feats of engineering, from the Brooklyn Bridge to the Hoover Dam. The country's emblems are so familiar that they constitute as much a part of the world's culture as its own – Lady Liberty, the Grand Canyon, the Empire State Building, the US Capitol, the "Hollywood" sign . . . the list goes on.
The combination of a shoot-from-the-hip mentality with laissez-faire capitalism and religious fervor can make the USA maddening at times, even to its own residents. But what's most surprising, perhaps, is how such an initially daunting land can prove so enticing – its vibrant mix of peoples, striking landscapes and city skylines, and rich musical, cinematic, and culinary heritage seduce almost every visitor in the end.

One of the principal joys of getting to know the country is the repeated, delicious shock of the familiar

And for all of its pride and bluster, the USA can be a land of quiet nuances: snow falling on a country lane in Vermont, cherry trees blooming under Washington memorials, crocodiles swimming through the bayou. You could easily plan a trip that focuses on the out-of-the-way hamlets, remote wilderness, eerie ghost towns, and forgotten byways that are every bit as "American" as its showpiece icons and monuments. Putting aside the sheer size of the place, deciding exactly what version of America you want to see may be the hardest decision of all.
Fact file
• The US government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by the president; the legislative, which comprises the Senate and the House of Representatives; and the judicial, with the Supreme Court as its highest office.
• Despite New York's status as the cultural and economic center of the US, the federal capital is in Washington DC, which doesn't even rank among the top twenty cities in terms of population (though officially, it is a district, not a city).
• The population of the US (some 300 million) owns 200 million cars and trucks (roughly 1 vehicle for every 1.4 people), with more than 5.7 million miles of paved highway on which to drive them.
• With an area of 9.6 million square kilometers, the US is the third-largest country in the world (ranking behind Russia and Canada).
• The US is the only country that contains all six major climate zones: tropical humid, dry, mild mid-latitude, severe mid-latitude, polar, and highland.
• With its Aleutian Islands crossing the Greenwich Meridian, Alaska is technically home to both the easternmost and westernmost points in the US. Alaska also has the highest point in the US, Mount McKinley (20,320ft), and is the largest state by area (Rhode Island is the smallest).

You are reading content from The Rough Guide to the USA, Eighth Edition

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