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Though much less visited than neighbouring Thailand or Vietnam, Cambodia is fast establishing itself on the Southeast Asian tourist trail. The stunning temples of Angkor are the obvious draw for most visitors, but the country has much else to offer: a smattering of undeveloped golden beaches, unspoilt forests, a balmy climate, and a relaxed atmosphere that's refreshingly low on hassle.
For a small country, Cambodia encompasses a surprisingly diverse range of terrain and scenery. Rice fields are the quintessential feature of this predominantly flat and agricultural land, though there are also significant highland areas, as well as the massive Tonle Sap, Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake, which dominates the heart of the country. In the east of the country the mighty Mekong River forms a natural divide, beyond which rise the mountainous, heavily forested hills of the far northeast. The southwest is likewise hilly and remains covered in jungle, while parts of the southeast are regularly inundated, as the Mekong and its sister river the Bassac overflow their banks.
For all its natural beauty and rich heritage, Cambodia has suffered a tragic recent past at the hands of the fanatical Khmer Rouge – the population had first to endure mass killings when the Khmer Rouge came to power in the 1970s, followed by a protracted guerrilla war which only ended in 1998. The whole country is now finally at peace, though the lack of infrastructure and skills is sorely evident in the potholed streets, the damaged buildings and the sometimes truly appalling roads. Much has still to be done before the country is properly back on its feet, and before most of the population see a tangible improvement in their standard of living. There are positive signs, however: thronging markets testify to renewed private enterprise, and in Phnom Penh, at least, a modest middle class has re-emerged. This recovery is in no small way down to one of the country's greatest assets, the Cambodians themselves, eternally optimistic, tenacious and, to visitors, endlessly welcoming.
Despite the dereliction of the Khmer Rouge years, visiting Cambodia doesn't have to be a hard slog. The country offers a decent range of places to stay, and Cambodian food, influenced by the cuisines of both China and Thailand, surprises the uninitiated with its depth and piquancy. Cambodian crafts make for intriguing mementoes, and the appearance of numerous craft shops is evidence of the revival in traditional artisanship. The majority of the country's towns still retain some old-world charm, and the gentility of the former French colonial period can still be glimpsed in the quaint shophouse terraces and colonial architecture – though the most tangible legacy of French rule is the piles of crusty baguettes heaped up in baskets and hawked around the streets in the early morning.
The stunning temples of Angkor are the obvious draw for most visitors, but the country has much else to offer
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• Cambodia is about one and a half times the size of England, and has roughly the same area as Oklahoma. Around one twentieth of the country is covered by the waters of the Tonle Sap lake. The country's highest point is Phnom Aural (1771m) in the Cardamom Mountains.
• Nine-tenths of the population is Khmer, with the remainder comprising ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese (together around 6.5 percent), the Cham (2.5 percent) and the chunchiet (1 percent).
•Theravada Buddhism is practised by 95 percent of the population, alongside some animism and ancestor worship; the Cham, for their part, are Muslim.
• Cambodia is a constitutional monarchy, with an elected government comprising two houses of parliament, the National Assembly and the Senate.
• Average annual income is just $310 per capita, putting Cambodia among the world's poorest countries; average life expectancy is only 57 years.
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